Practical Pharmacology for the Pharmaceutical Sciences von D Michael Salmon

<p><i>Practical Pharmacology for the Pharmaceutical Sciences</i> is a lab survival guide for those studying Pharmacology, providing hands-on advice on developing pharmacology laboratory and data handling skills. Suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates, it focuses on laboratory techniques rather than computer-simulated data. It also guides the reader through the process of communicating experimental results in a variety of formats, including posters, oral presentations and project reports.</p><p>Split into three main areas, the following topics are covered in detail:</p><p><b>Preparation for Experimental Pharmacology</b></p><ul><li>Legal aspects</li><li>Fundamentals of Pharmacology</li><li>Definitions, calculations and statistics</li></ul><p><b>Experiments in Pharmacology</b></p><ul><li>Microtitre-based techniques using isolated cells</li><li><i>In vitro</i> techniques using isolated tissues and organs</li><li>Biochemical techniques using cell-free systems</li></ul><p><b>Communicating experimental results</b></p><ul><li>Data presentation</li><li>How to write scientific reports</li><li>Pharmacological literature</li></ul><p>Supported with numerous questions throughout the text, as well as step by step instructions for practical experiments, this book presents an approach to learning pharmacology through an appreciation of authentic experimental data.</p>

Dr D. Michael Salmon, School of Health and Biosciences, University of East LondonDr Salmon studied for a Ph.D. in Biochemistry at Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. He has carried out research on signal transduction at U. Mass. Medical School, USA, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, London and St. George's Hospital Medical School, London. Since 1989, he has taught and researched in pharmacology at the University of East London. He has been an author on 24 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals, presented 31 communications to Learned Societies and contributed to 8 books and scientific monographs. He has also contributed to The British Pharmacological Society sponsored computer learning program for pharmacology, pharma-CAL-ogy.

Preface ixAcknowledgements xi1 Before Entering the Pharmacology Laboratory 11.1 Safety and Risk Assessment 11.2 The Laboratory Record Book 31.3 Use of Animals in Practical Pharmacology 41.4 Experimental Design 51.5 Units, Dilutions and Logarithms 71.5.1 Units of Mass 81.5.2 Units, Concentrations and Logarithms 81.5.3 Dilutions 91.5.4 Logarithms 101.6 Essential Statistics 121.6.1 Continuous Data t-test, ANOVA, Non-parametric Tests and Regression 121.6.2 Discontinuous Data X2 and Fisher's Exact Test 212 Basic Pharmacological Principles 272.1 DrugReceptor Interaction 272.1.1 Agonists 272.1.2 Antagonists 302.1.3 Receptor Classification 362.2 Bioassays 372.2.1 Single-point Assays 382.2.2 Bracketing Assays, Three-point or 2×1 Assays 382.2.3 Multi-point Assays, Such As Four-point or 2×2 Assays 393 Isolated Tissues and Organs 433.1 Equipment for In Vitro Experiments 443.2 Organ Baths 453.3 Physiological Salt Solutions 463.4 Transducers 473.5 Recording Equipment and Software 493.6 Dosing 503.7 Electrically Stimulated Preparations 523.8 Fault-Finding of In Vitro Isolated Tissue Preparations 534 Smooth Muscle Preparations 554.1 Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Preparations 554.2 Guinea Pig Isolated Ileum 564.2.1 ConcentrationResponse Curves for Cholinesters 574.2.2 Selective Antagonism 594.2.3 Specificity of Blood Cholinesterases 624.2.4 Quantification of the Potency of an Antagonist 644.2.5 Bioassays 674.2.6 Calcium Channel Blockers 734.2.7 Field-stimulated Guinea Pig Isolated Ileum 764.3 Rabbit Isolated Jejunum and the Finkleman Preparation 784.3.1 Adrenoceptor Sub-types 794.4 Isolated Tracheal Rings 804.5 Isolated Vas Deferens 825 Cardiovascular Preparations 935.1 Isolated Perfused Heart Preparations 945.1.1 The Langendorff Preparation 955.1.2 Cardiac Interactions of Anti-asthma Drugs 985.1.3 The Rat Isolated Auricle Preparation 995.2 Thoracic Aorta Preparation 1025.2.1 Drugs Regulating Nitric Oxide-mediated6 Skeletal Muscle 1076.1 Types of Skeletal Muscle 1076.2 Multiply-Innervated Skeletal Muscle Preparations 1086.2.1 Agonists and Antagonists Acting on the Frog Rectus Abdominis 1096.2.2 Action of Anticholinesterases on the Dorsal Muscle of the Leech 1116.3 Focally Innervated Skeletal Muscle Preparations 1166.3.1 The Frog Gastrocnemius MuscleSciatic Nerve Preparation 1197 Isolated Cells 1217.1 Freshly Isolated and Cultured Cells 1217.1.1 Advantages of Isolated Cells 1217.1.2 Cultured Cells 1227.1.3 Cell Counting 1227.2 Platelets 1257.2.1 Inhibition of Aggregation by Nitric Oxide Donors 1277.3 Neutrophils 1317.3.1 Measurement of NADPH Cytochrome c Reductase 1327.3.2 Measurement of Intracellular [Ca2+] 1348 Biochemical Pharmacology 1418.1 Pharmacological Applications of Common Biochemical Techniques 1418.2 Enzyme Inhibitors 1428.3 Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors 1438.4 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 1458.4.1 Sub-cellular Distribution of MAO Activity 1468.4.2 Specificity of MAO Inhibitors for Isoenzymes 1498.5 Thrombin Inhibitors 1518.6 ATPase Inhibitors 1559 Complementary Methods for Teaching Practical Pharmacology 1619.1 The Comparative Merits of Available Methods 1619.2 Interpretation of Experimental Data 1629.2.1 Behavioural Experiments 1629.2.2 Analysis of Metabolites of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1669.2.3 Radioligand Binding 16710 Communicating Results 17710.1 Preliminary Reports 17710.1.1 Tables 17810.1.2 Graphs 17810.1.3 Bar Graphs 17910.1.4 Preliminary Conclusions 17910.2 Poster Presentations 18010.3 Oral Presentations 18110.4 Project Reports 18310.5 Pharmacological Literature 18410.6 How to Cite Scientific Information Sources 18710.7 Plagiarism 188References 188Appendix 1: Molecular Weights of Commonly Used Drugs 189Appendix 2: Useful Resources for Practical Pharmacology 191Index 193

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